Price to Sales (P/S) Ratio Calculator

1. What is the Price to Sales (P/S) Ratio Calculator?

Definition: This calculator computes the Price to Sales (P/S) Ratio, a financial metric that measures a company’s stock price relative to its sales per share, indicating how much investors pay per dollar of revenue.

Purpose: Helps investors evaluate a company’s valuation, particularly for firms with low or negative earnings, and compare companies within the same industry to identify undervalued or overvalued stocks.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator follows a five-step process to compute the P/S ratio:

P/S Ratio Formulas:

SPS = \frac{Sales}{Number of Shares Outstanding}

P/S Ratio = \frac{Price per Share}{SPS}

Where:

$Sales$ : Most recent annual sales or revenue from the income statement (dollars)
$Number of Shares Outstanding$ : Total common shares traded in the market (shares)
$Price per Share$ : Current market price per share (dollars/share)
$SPS$ : Sales per Share (dollars/share)

Steps:

Step 1: Obtain the most recent sales. Find the sales figure from the company’s income statement in its annual report.
Step 2: Obtain the number of shares outstanding. Source this from the company’s annual report or financial websites.
Step 3: Calculate sales per share. Divide the sales by the number of shares outstanding.
Step 4: Obtain the price per share. Retrieve the current market price from financial websites like Yahoo Finance.
Step 5: Calculate the P/S ratio. Divide the price per share by the sales per share.

3. Importance of P/S Ratio

Calculating the P/S ratio is crucial for:

Valuation Analysis: A lower P/S ratio may indicate undervaluation, while a higher ratio suggests overvaluation, particularly useful for companies with inconsistent earnings.
Industry Comparison: Enables investors to compare revenue-based valuations across companies in the same sector.
Growth Assessment: Reflects market expectations for revenue growth, with lower ratios potentially signaling undervalued growth opportunities.

4. Using the Calculator

Example (Company X): Price per Share = $30.00, Sales = $15,000,000, Shares Outstanding = 1,000,000:

Step 1: Sales: $15,000,000
Step 2: Shares Outstanding: 1,000,000
Step 3: Sales per Share: $\frac{15, 000, 000}{1, 000, 000} = 15.00$ dollars/share
Step 4: Price per Share: $30.00
Step 5: P/S Ratio: $\frac{30.00}{15.00} = 2.00$ times
Result: SPS = $15.00, P/S Ratio = 2.00 times

A P/S ratio of 2.00 is moderate, suggesting fair valuation if aligned with industry averages, but potentially overvalued compared to peers with lower ratios.

Example 2: Price per Share = $50.00, Sales = $20,000,000, Shares Outstanding = 2,000,000:

Step 1: Sales: $20,000,000
Step 2: Shares Outstanding: 2,000,000
Step 3: Sales per Share: $\frac{20, 000, 000}{2, 000, 000} = 10.00$ dollars/share
Step 4: Price per Share: $50.00
Step 5: P/S Ratio: $\frac{50.00}{10.00} = 5.00$ times
Result: SPS = $10.00, P/S Ratio = 5.00 times

A P/S ratio of 5.00 is high, indicating potential overvaluation unless justified by strong growth prospects or industry norms.

Example 3: Price per Share = $15.00, Sales = $10,000,000, Shares Outstanding = 2,500,000:

Step 1: Sales: $10,000,000
Step 2: Shares Outstanding: 2,500,000
Step 3: Sales per Share: $\frac{10, 000, 000}{2, 500, 000} = 4.00$ dollars/share
Step 4: Price per Share: $15.00
Step 5: P/S Ratio: $\frac{15.00}{4.00} = 3.75$ times
Result: SPS = $4.00, P/S Ratio = 3.75 times

A P/S ratio of 3.75 suggests the stock may be overvalued relative to sales, but attractiveness depends on industry comparisons.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q: What is a good P/S ratio?
A: A P/S ratio below 2 is often considered attractive, indicating potential undervaluation, while ratios above 4 may suggest overvaluation. However, this varies by industry; compare to sector peers for context.

Q: Why is the P/S ratio useful for unprofitable companies?
A: Unlike P/E, the P/S ratio uses revenue, which is always positive, making it applicable for companies with losses or low earnings, such as startups or growth firms.

Q: Can the P/S ratio be misleading?
A: Yes, a low P/S ratio may not indicate undervaluation if the company has low profit margins or declining sales. Always consider profitability and industry trends alongside the P/S ratio.